The Martindale Abrasion Test is a test of textile products using the Martindale standard system to determine the abrasion resistance of a fabric. Abrasion resistance refers to a fabric's resistance to repeated friction with other materials. Pilling resistance is a key quality indicator of textile products, directly impacting their durability and performance. The Martindale Abrasion Tester is used to test a fabric's abrasion and pilling resistance.

1. Martindale Test Standards

Because different countries and regions have different standards, we can categorize them into international standards, US standards, European standards, and Chinese standards. Details are as follows:

1.1International Standards

ISO 12947.2—1998 Martindale Test for Fabrics — Part 2: Measurement of Specimen Damage

ISO 12947.3—1998 Martindale Test for Fabrics — Part 3: Measurement of Mass Loss

ISO 12947.4—1998 Martindale Test for Fabrics — Part 4: Measurement of Appearance Change

1.2American Society for Materials (ASTM)

ASTM D4966-2010

1.3EU Standards

EN ISO 12947.2-1998 - Determination of fabric resistance to abrasion and pilling by the Martindale method - Part 2: Measurement of specimen breakage

EN ISO 12947.3-1998 - Determination of fabric resistance to abrasion and pilling by the Martindale method - Part 3: Measurement of mass loss

EN ISO 12947.4-1998 - Determination of fabric resistance to abrasion and pilling by the Martindale method - Part 4: Measurement of appearance change

1.4Chinese Standards

GB/T 21196.2-2007 - Determination of fabric resistance to abrasion and pilling by the Martindale method - Part 2: Measurement of specimen breakage

GB/T 21196.3-2007 - Determination of fabric resistance to abrasion and pilling by the Martindale method - Part 3: Measurement of mass loss

GB/T 21196.4-2007 - Determination of fabric resistance to abrasion and pilling by the Martindale method - Part 4: Determination of appearance change

2. How is the Martindale Wear Test performed?

2.1 Preparation: Check the instrument status and prepare the specimen and sandpaper.

2.2 Specimen Installation: Secure the specimen in the specimen fixture and adjust the contact force between the specimen and the sandpaper.

2.3 Test Parameter Settings: Set the rotational speed, wear load, and other parameters according to the test requirements.

2.4 Test Start: Start the instrument, perform the wear test, and record the specimen wear.

3.Note: The standard friction cloth should be replaced before testing each new sample or after 50,000 cycles. Check the standard friction cloth for contamination or wear and replace if necessary. This method is not suitable for fabrics thicker than 3mm. Samples may be washed or dry-cleaned before testing.

4. Test Results Evaluation Methods

There are three Martindale methods for evaluating fabric abrasion resistance: the specimen breakage method, the mass loss method, and the appearance quality change method. The specimen breakage method is the most commonly used of the three methods, as it offers minimal error, intuitive and clear test results, and facilitates comparison of the abrasion resistance of different fabrics. The mass loss method and the appearance quality change method are more complex to evaluate, but they can reflect the abrasion resistance of a sample at different stages of friction. They are highly practical for manufacturers and research institutions in analyzing fabric usage.

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